REFERENCE DESK

Astrology glossary

Plain-language definitions for the chart terms that should be understood before they are interpreted.

By ZodiacJoy EditorialReviewed August 24, 2026How we research and review

A

Angles
The four chart points created by the horizon and meridian: ascendant, descendant, Midheaven, and Imum Coeli.
Applying aspect
An aspect moving toward exactness. Traditional practice often treats applying contacts as developing or especially active.
Ascendant
The zodiac degree rising on the eastern horizon at a specific time and location. It begins the first house in many house systems.
Aspect
An angular relationship between chart factors, interpreted as a way their functions exchange energy.

B

Birth chart
A map of planetary positions and local angles for a particular moment and place, usually the moment of birth.

C

Cadent houses
Houses 3, 6, 9, and 12. They traditionally distribute, adapt, and contextualize what angular houses initiate.
Cardinal signs
Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn. Cardinal modality initiates a new phase of its element.
Chart ruler
The planet ruling the ascendant sign. Its placement connects the ascendant’s approach to a particular part of the chart.
Conjunction
An aspect near 0 degrees that concentrates two planetary functions in the same region of the zodiac.
Cusp
A boundary or degree beginning a house. A sign boundary is an ingress, not a blended personality category.

D

Decan
One of three ten-degree divisions of a zodiac sign. Exact solar longitude is needed to identify a Sun decan reliably.
Degree
One of 360 divisions of the zodiac circle. Each of the twelve signs contains 30 degrees.
Descendant
The zodiac degree setting on the western horizon, opposite the ascendant, and associated with the seventh-house angle.
Dispositor
The planet ruling the sign occupied by another planet. It describes where and how that placement obtains direction.

E

Element
Fire, Earth, Air, or Water. Elements describe broad symbolic temperaments and processing styles.
Ephemeris
A table or computational dataset giving astronomical positions for specific dates and times.

F

Fixed signs
Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, and Aquarius. Fixed modality sustains, concentrates, and stabilizes its element.

H

House
One of twelve local divisions of a chart associated with fields of experience. Houses require birth time and place.
House ruler
The planet ruling the sign on a house cusp. Its placement links that house’s topics to another chart location.

I

Imum Coeli
The lower meridian angle, often called the IC, associated with roots, private foundations, and the fourth-house axis.
Ingress
The astronomical moment a planet enters a new zodiac sign.

M

Midheaven
The upper meridian point, often called the MC, associated with public direction and culmination.
Modality
Cardinal, Fixed, or Mutable. Modality describes whether a sign initiates, sustains, or adapts.
Mutable signs
Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, and Pisces. Mutable modality adapts, translates, and prepares transition.

N

Natal astrology
The branch of astrology interpreting a chart cast for the moment and place of birth.

O

Orb
The allowed distance from an aspect’s exact angle. Astrological traditions and practitioners use different orb rules.
Opposition
An aspect near 180 degrees that places two functions across a polarity requiring balance and awareness.

P

Planetary return
The time when a planet returns to approximately the same zodiac longitude it occupied in the natal chart.
Polarity
A classification of signs as Yang or Yin, describing symbolic direction of energy rather than gender or value.
Progression
A symbolic timing technique that advances the natal chart according to a defined correspondence, such as one day for one year.

R

Retrograde
Apparent backward motion against the zodiac from Earth’s viewpoint. Natal interpretation varies by planet and tradition.

S

Sect
A traditional distinction between day and night charts that helps evaluate planetary roles and condition.
Separating aspect
An aspect moving away from exactness after its closest contact.
Sextile
An aspect near 60 degrees associated with cooperative opportunity that benefits from participation.
Sidereal zodiac
A zodiac framework tied to stellar reference points and adjusted through an ayanamsha.
Sign
One of twelve equal 30-degree divisions of the zodiac, interpreted as a style through which planets operate.
Solar return
A chart cast for the moment each year when the Sun returns to its natal longitude.
Square
An aspect near 90 degrees associated with friction, action, and the need for adjustment.
Stellium
A concentration of several planets in one sign or house. Definitions vary, so the planets and degrees should be stated.
Succedent houses
Houses 2, 5, 8, and 11. They traditionally consolidate and develop what angular houses initiate.
Synastry
A relationship technique comparing two natal charts through interchart aspects and house overlays.

T

Transit
The current or selected-time position of a planet compared with a natal chart or another reference chart.
Trine
An aspect near 120 degrees associated with flow, continuity, and capacities that may operate easily.
Tropical zodiac
A zodiac framework anchoring 0 degrees Aries to the March equinox and the cycle of seasons.

W

Whole sign houses
A house system in which the entire rising sign becomes the first house and each following sign forms the next house.

Z

Zodiac
A coordinate band along the ecliptic divided by astrology into twelve equal signs.